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John Charles Harsanyi ((ハンガリー語:Harsányi János Károly); May 29, 1920 – August 9, 2000) was a Hungarian-American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner. He is best known for his contributions to the study of game theory and its application to economics, specifically for his developing the highly innovative analysis of games of incomplete information, so-called Bayesian games. He also made important contributions to the use of game theory and economic reasoning in political and moral philosophy (specifically utilitarian ethics〔(Economics Faculty Directory )〕) as well as contributing to the study of equilibrium selection. For his work, he was a co-recipient along with John Nash and Reinhard Selten of the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. ==Life and career== Harsanyi was born on May 29, 1920 in Budapest, Hungary, the son of Alice (Gombos) and Charles Harsanyi, a pharmacy owner.〔http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830905727.html〕 His parents converted from Judaism to Catholicism a year before he was born.〔http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/jharsanyi.pdf〕 He attended high school at the Lutheran Gymnasium in Budapest. During high school, he became one of the best problem solvers of the KöMaL, the Mathematical and Physical Monthly for Secondary Schools. Founded in 1893, this periodical is generally credited with a large share of Hungarian students' success in mathematics. He also won the first prize in the Eötvös mathematics competition (Eötvös ) for high school students.〔(John C. Harsanyi, "Autobiography" ), in ''Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1994'', Editor Tore Frängsmyr, (Foundation ), Stockholm, 1995〕 Although he wanted to study mathematics and philosophy, his father sent him to France in 1939 to enroll in chemical engineering at the University of Lyon. However, because of the start of World War II, Harsanyi returned to Hungary to study pharmacology at the University of Budapest (today: Eötvös Loránd University), earning a diploma in 1944.〔John A. Weymark (2006), "John Charles Harsanyi", working paper no. 06-W07, Vanderbilt University〕 As a pharmacology student, Harsanyi escaped conscription into the Hungarian Army which, as a person of Jewish descent, would have meant forced labor. However, in 1944 (after the fall of the Horthy regime and the seizure of power by the Arrow Cross Party) his military deferment was cancelled and he was compelled to join a forced labor unit on the Eastern Front.〔〔("Nobel Laureate John C. Harsanyi, UC Berkeley economist and game theory pioneer, dies at 80" ), ''HAAS News'', UC at Berkeley〕 After seven months of forced labor, when the German authorities decided to deport his unit to a concentration camp in Austria, John Harsanyi managed to escape and found sanctuary for the rest of the war in a Jesuit house.〔〔〔("John Harsanyi (1920–2000)" by Ariel Scheib ), Jewish Virtual Library''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Harsanyi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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